What is Industrial revolution ?

             Inudstrial revolution was first used by Arnold Toynbee to describe the changes occurred in the industrial sector of the britain economy. It was happened during 1780's to 1820's.


           The transformation of Industries and economy in brtain in 1780 to 1820 is known as First Industrial  Revolution.


Causes of Industrial revolution ?            

  1. Invention of machine tools to do the work of human beings
  2. use of steam engine
  3. The adoption of factory system
  4. changes in the Iron and Steel manufacturing
   These changes replaced human beings with machines which reduced the cost of production and more production. 



Why Industrial Revolution First happened in Brtain ?

  1. Politically Stable
  2. Single currency
  3. Uniform Laws
  4. Markets were not fragmented
  5. Agricultural Revoution
  6. Rapid rate of technological innovation

 Main causes can be attributed to four factors ?

  1. Transformation of Iron Industry
  2. Spinning and weaving of cotton
  3. Development of steam power
  4. Railways , canals and ship building 

   Effects of Industrial Revolution :

   

  1. Inventions in Textile Industry :  
                             The demand for cotton yarn increased, many inventors set to work to improve the spinning wheel. These spinning machines enabled on worker to run eight spindles instead of one. These machines contributed to the progress of the textile industry.
   
  
    2) steam engine : water was the main source of power to run the wheels . These wheels are used in cotton textile industries. This caused the need  for efficient source to run the wheels .This led to invention of Steam engine.

   3) coal and Iron :  Charcol was mainly used in the process of smetling Iron. There are many problems in using charcol as it produced poor quality iron due to  its impurities. When Blast Furnace was invented which use coke instead of charcole. This produced the quality iron.  The products made from iron are better than wood for every day items. Many new inventions were developed.


   4) Building canals and Railways :  Due to adoption of factory system where the factories were mainly located at coal and other raw materials. Transportation is necessary. They connected the main rivers and dug canals . They also constructed railway tracks for the products to reach markets. 

 5) The conditions of the Workers :  The average life span of the workers reduced . More people died at very young age. Due to loss of Jobs the workers migrated to central urban areas near factories and forced to live in overcrowded slums.There were no proper sanitaion facilities. Due to industries air and water was polluted. Many people died of Tuberculosis and cholera.


  6) Women and children :  Women and children were forced to work in the factories due to job loss by men. children were employed in the textile industries and in coal mines. children worked in dangerous places . Which resulted in more deaths of children.


 7) Protestant Movements :   Several movements launched against the harsh working conditions. Demanded to make new laws regarding working conditions of the workers and children. During this movements the price of basic food items like bread,and meat soared high. Many acts were passed  by the Government.


Effects On Indian Socity and Economy :

  1. India became a mere importer of finished products of Britain
  2. Indian farmers were forced to produce cotton and other raw material crops.
  3. Indian Handicrafts and hand looms were ruined
  4. Many were unemployed due to non export of finished products of textiles manufactured by Indians.